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COURSE_ASSIGNMENT_TITLE >> 9. Leggi la parte “Chiarire le Parole”, sezione “Come Chiarire una Parola”

CHIARIRE LE PAROLE

Una parola mal compresa rimane tale fino a quando non si chiarisce il suo significato. Si dice che la parola è stata chiarita quando la persona l’ha capita perfettamente.

Le procedure per individuare e chiarire le parole che una persona ha mal compreso durante i suoi studi sono chiamate Chiarimento di Parole. La prima cosa da imparare è l’esatta procedura per chiarire ogni parola o simbolo incontrati e non capiti durante la lettura o lo studio. Tutta la tecnologia del chiarimento di parole usa la seguente procedura.

Come Chiarire una Parola

1. Quando leggete qualcosa, tenete a portata di mano un dizionario con il quale chiarire ogni parola o simbolo mal compreso che incontrate. Si possono trovare dizionari semplici ma buoni che, nelle definizioni delle parole, non fanno uso di termini difficili che devono a loro volta essere chiariti.

2. Quando incontrate una parola o simbolo che non capite, cercateli nel dizionario: date una rapida scorsa alle definizioni della parola per trovare quella che si addice al contesto in cui il termine è stato mal compreso. Leggete la definizione trovata e formulate delle frasi usando la parola con quel significato; continuate a formulare delle frasi fino a quando non avrete un concetto chiaro di quel significato della parola. Può darsi che ci vogliano dieci o più frasi.

3. Quindi chiarite, una alla volta, tutte le altre definizioni della parola, formando delle frasi con ognuna di esse fino a che comprendete chiaramente ogni definizione.

Quando una parola ha più definizioni diverse, non si può limitare la propria comprensione a una sola definizione dicendo poi che la parola è stata “capita”. Bisogna essere in grado di capire la parola quando, in futuro, sarà usata in un senso diverso.

Evitate comunque di chiarire le definizioni tecniche o specialistiche (matematica, biologia, ecc.), quelle obsolete (non più usate) o arcaiche (antiche e non più di uso comune), a meno che la parola venga usata proprio in quel senso nel contesto in cui è stata mal compresa. Chiarendo le definizioni tecniche, obsolete o arcaiche, ci si può imbattere in molte altre parole contenute in quelle definizioni, rallentando di gran lunga il proprio progresso negli studi.

4. La prossima azione da fare è chiarire l’etimologia, vale a dire la spiegazione dell’origine della parola. L’etimologia aiuta a capire a fondo la parola.

5. La maggior parte dei dizionari fornisce anche le espressioni idiomatiche in cui una parola viene usata. Un’espressione idiomatica è un modo di dire o un’espressione di cui non si può afferrare il senso basandosi sul significato ordinario delle singole parole che la compongono. Per esempio, “darci dentro” è un’espressione idiomatica italiana che significa “impegnarsi”. In italiano molte parole hanno usi idiomatici e questi di solito vengono spiegati dal dizionario dopo le definizioni della parola stessa. Se la parola che state chiarendo ha degli usi idiomatici, bisogna chiarire anche questi.

6. Chiarite anche qualsiasi altra informazione fornita sulla parola, come ad esempio le note sul suo uso, sui sinonimi, ecc., così da avere una piena comprensione della parola. (Un sinonimo è una parola di significato simile, ma non identico, a quello di un’altra parola, come ad esempio “gentile” e “affabile”.)

7. Se incontrate una parola o simbolo che non capite nella definizione di una parola che state chiarendo, dovete chiarirla subito con la stessa procedura e quindi ritornare alla definizione iniziale. (I simboli e le abbreviazioni del dizionario di solito sono elencati nelle prime pagine.) Tuttavia, se vi accorgete che state impiegando molto tempo nel chiarire parole che si trovano all’interno delle definizioni di altre parole, procuratevi un dizionario più semplice. Un buon dizionario permette di chiarire una parola senza doverne chiarire molte altre nel corso del chiarimento stesso.

Esempio di come chiarire una parola
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Quello descritto sopra è il modo in cui si dovrebbe chiarire qualsiasi parola. Quando le parole sono capite, la comunicazione può aver luogo e con la comunicazione si può capire qualunque soggetto.

il soggetto e l’attività di sradicare l’ignoranza, i termini mal compresi e le false definizioni delle parole, nonché le barriere che ne impediscono l’uso.